Chemise and Waistcoat or Vest: Detail from the Setúbal Altarpiece, workshop of Jorge Afonso. 1520-1530 AD

A white linen loose blouse or chemise, deriving from the Medieval shift, was the standard upper undergarment (also worn to bed at night) both for men and women. Above the chemise a vest or waistcoat could be worn for warmth, as shown in the detail from the panel of Christ being nailed to the cross. Neither garment would normally have been seen.