Turbans: Details from the Setúbal Altarpiece,Jorge Afonso's workshop, 1520-1530 AD

The turbans shown in the altarpiece vary from simple bands wound round and round the head and knotted (panel of Christ and Veronica) to plaited arrangements of apparently silken cloth with coloured patterning and borders (detail from the Martyr Saints of Morocco).

It is interesting that this essentially Moslem fashion survived four centuries of Christian rule as a fashion item.