For thousands of years, economic, religious and political pressures have caused groups of people to be displaced in Europe, becoming migrants and immigrants or refugees in other parts of Europe. Often pressures came from eastern Europe, causing movements westwards and northwards, so that migrants like the Saxons and Vikings arrived in England in the first millennium. The European Reformation of the 16th century and after was extremely divisive, causing French Protestants to seek new homes outside France. In the 20th century world wars and civil wars caused more displacements of European people. England and some other northern European countries became destinations because of religious tolerance and humane treatment of prisoners of war and refugees.